J. ALFRED WANKLYN.

acetamide on ethylate and methylate of sodium. Dr. | 185° and 188°, and gives off inflammable vapours. Water Armstrong, too, is reported to have obtained ammonia in decomposes it in the same manner as glucinium-propyl. the same manner. The truth appears to be, however, that It is also attacked by absolute alcohol, the sides of the acetamide yields no ammonia by action on ethylate and tube becoming covered with a transparent crystalline methylate of sodium; but that soda acetamide and caustic substance. By acting with chloride of silicon upon soda yield ammonia, and caustic soda always accompanies anhydrous propylic ether the author has obtained comethylate of sodium, unless very special precautions be pounds analogous to Ebelmen's orthosilicic ether, and to taken to ensure its absence. the silicic, mono-, di-, and trichlorhydrines of Friedel and Whether Mr. Hartley and Dr. Armstrong said what they Crafts. The bodies thus obtained are silico-propionic are reported to have said, is a question between them and ether, and silico-propionic-, mono-, and dichlorhydrines. the reporter. My object in writing my letter was to Boropropylic ether was obtained by passing very slowly rectify an error, and I believe that I have attained it.- a current of perfectly pure chloride of boron into anhydrous I am, &c., propylic alcohol maintained at a temperature bordering upon zero. The compound in question is represented by the formula Bo(C6H7O2)3. Liebig and Wohler obtained a crystalline product, known as allophanic ether, by causing the vapour of cyanic acid to act upon absolute alcohol. Hofmann obtained the same compound by allowing alcohol to act upon urea in a cohobator. In this case the formation of allophanic ether is constantly accompanied by that of ureathane or carbamic ether. The author, by replacing ethylic alcohol with propylic alcohol prepared propylic allophanate in nacreous laminæ, sparingly soluble in cold water, but readily soluble in boiling water and alcohol, and fusible between 150° and 160°. Its composition is C10H10N206. Propylurethane, CH,NO4, is obtained in the form of long, colourless, brilliant crystals, easily soluble in water,

London, June 30, 1873.

CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN
SOURCES.

Under this heading will be found an encyclopaedic list of chemical papers published abroad during the past week, with abstracts of all susceptible of advantageous abridgment. The two half-yearly volumes of the CHEMICAL NEWS, with their copious indices, will, therefore, be equivalent to an English edition of the "Jahresberichte."

NOTE. All degrees of temperature are Centigrade, unless otherwise alcohol, and ether. It fuses between 51° and 53°, and expressed.

Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Academie
des Sciences, June 9, 1873.
Presence of Avic Acid in a Sample of Guano, and
Remarks on the Estimation of the Commercial Value
of Manures in Accordance with their Elementary
Composition.-E. Chevreul.-In May, 1866, the author
discovered in the suint of sheep a substance to which he
gave the name of elic acid. It is perfectly liquid below 16°,
and becomes somewhat viscous at 15° to 14°. In 1869 he

extracted from this elic acid another substance which he
named avic acid, because it had a "smell of birds." In
1871 he accidentally recognised the same acid in the
feathers of an albatross. He now maintains that he has
discovered the same principle in guano. This leads him
to urge the importance of immediate or proximate organic
analysis as applied to manures in contradistinction to
mere ultimate or elementary analysis. The most im-
portant study for the progress of agriculture is the
determination of the immediate principles of soils and
manures, and that of their organoleptic properties. As
regards manures, the great point is the study of their
immediate principles viewed in relation to the immediate
principles of the chief arable soils. The author has
shown how soils of different natures act differently with
regard to the oily principle which is one of the ingredients
of colza oil-cake. The neglect of the proximate analysis
of manures explains why avic acid has not been recognised
in guano. In analysing some new samples of that manure
from Peru he found avic acid, along with carbonate
of ammonia in the first, nearly colourless, washings with
water. Its odour is not distinctly perceptible until the
carbonate of ammonia has been completely evaporated.
Guano, he finds, can be entirely freed from carbonate of
ammonia by a temperature of 90o.

Researches on New Derivatives of Propyl.-A. Cahours. He prepares glucinium propyl by acting upon mercury propyl with the finely-divided metal at the temperature of 130° to 135° in a sealed tube. It is a colourless liquid, boiling at 244° to 246°, and giving off dense fumes without becoming ignited. If cooled to - 17° it takes the appearance of a fatty oil. Water decomposes it with violence, producing a copious evolution of gas, and an abundant deposit of hydrated glucina. By a similar process he has prepared glucinium-ethyl; which boils between

boils at 194° to 196°. If moist it is decomposed by heat, and yields large quantities of ammonia.

Part Played by Atmospheric Nitrogen in Vegetation.-P. P. Dehérain. The author has previously announced that he had succeeded in fixing atmospheric nitrogen upon the black matters formed during the decomposition of the hydrates of carbon. In more recent experiments he has shown that this fixation takes place at common temperatures, and that it is due to the formation of ammonia. Thus, in one of his experiments the absorbent matter was glucose and ammonia; amount o free nitrogen at the beginning of the experiment, 38 c.c.; ditto, at the conclusion, 21 c.c.; nitrogen taken up, 17 c.c.. or 44'7 per cent of the original amount. The presence of cyanides could not be recognised in any of these experiments. It is established that the fixation of nitrogen by also in the cold, though with less energy. An atmosphere carbonaceous matter which takes place at 100° ensues poor in oxygen favours the fixation.

Boiling-Points and the Molecular Volumes of the Chlorated Isomers of the Ethylic Series.-G. Hinrichs. -A physico-mathematical paper.

Ethylacetylen formed Synthetically, and on its Identity with Crotonylen.-L. Pruner. Ethylacetylen has been formed synthetically by Berthelot, who caused acetylen to act directly upon ethylen at a dull red heat. Crotonylen was discovered by Caventon, who removed 2 equivalents of hydrobromic acid from the bromide of butylen. The mixture of ethylene and acetylene was passed into bottles containing bromine. The bromised liquids, being left for two days in contact with a slight excess of bromide, are passed into tetrabromide, C8H6Bг4. On expelling the alcohol and crystallising, the compound thus obtained was found to agree in appearance, in properties, and especially in point of fusion with, the tetrabromide of crotonylen described by Caventon.

--

Synthesis of Phenylallyl.-C. Chojnacki.. - The author obtained phenylallyl by heating to 100° under pressure a mixture of equal parts of benzin, and of iodide or bromide of allyl with one-fifth of zinc-powder.

Combinations of Chloride of Titanium with the Ethers.-E. Demarcay. The author has formed and examined a number of these compounds, which he considers as chlorhydrines analogous to the silicic chlorhydrines of Friedel united to chlorides of the acid radicals. The sulphides and sulphydrates of the alcohol radicals

NEWS

behave with chloride of titanium in the same manner
normal ether.

On Phenolcyanine.-T. L. Phipson.—(see xxvii., p.299.)
Remarks on Mène's Observations on the Manu-

S

facture of Sulphate of Ammonia from Nitrogenous Refuse.-L. L'Hote.-The process for manufacturing ammoniacal salts patented by Martin, and which Mène pronounces impracticable, consists essentially in the substitution of lime, baryta, &c. for soda-lime. In some cases caustic soda alone is required. The azotised matter is first attacked with caustic soda-lye at 10 per cent, and the mass is afterwards made into a paste with slaked lime. On distillation the combustion of the organic matter is as complete as in the determination of nitrogen by the sodalime process, and the residue contains neither nitrogenous charcoal nor cyanides.

Hansteen and others, and doubtless due to magnetic
force; which force appears to have been neglected as
being in juxtaposition with that of gravitation: just as
the displacement of clouds above referred to is combined
The changes in
with that produced by the wind.
terrestrial magnetism in consequence of star motions are
analogous to those which clouds produce in the electrifica-
tion of the terrestrial surface.

Theory of Sun-Spots, and the Dark Nucleus of the
Sun.-M. Vicaire. This note refers chiefly to M.
Respighi's observation of a sinking of the chromosphere
at the spots. For this to yield valid support to the
cyclonic theory, it must be shown (the author holds) that,
supposing the depression certain, (and it has been
contested by P. Secchi), it is really due to an engulphing
of the chromosphere, and that a turning movement may be
there observed; such movement being quite an exceptional
phenomenon. Further, according to M. Faye's own calcula-
tions, the centrifugal acceleration in the solar cyclone would
be only of what produces the terrestrial cyclone. Now
the depression of the photosphere at the spots, and also,
according to M. Respighi, that of the chromosphere, is
equal to several thousands times that produced by terrestrial
cyclones. Indeed, a fall of 4 c.c. in the barometric column
corresponds at the sea-level to a displacement in altitude
of 430 metres or so of the earth's radius, and it is known
that there are solar spots the depth of which exceeds
this radius. Hence the cause assigned for the spots by
M. Faye would be only
or nearly
intensity required by the phenomenon.
heres to Wilson's theory of the sun's composition.
Researches of Spectral Analysis on the Subject of
the Solar Spectrum.-Mr. J. N. Lockyer.-A recent
communication to the Royal Society.

Determination of Phosphoric Acid in Manures, Coprolites, Phosphatic Minerals, &c.-Ch. Méne.-A critique on the process of Joulie (CHEMICAL NEWS, xxvii. 228, 309, 314). The citrate of ammonia process consists in treating the manure with dilute nitric or hydrochloric acid, and filtering off the insoluble matter. To the clear filtrate is added ammonia, which generally forms an abundant white precipitate. Citric acid is then added till the precipitate re-dissolves, and any insoluble particles are removed by filtration. To the filtrate is added sulphate of magnesia, and then more ammonia. The resulting precipitate is regarded as ammonia, magnesian phosphate, &c., is filtered, washed, and calcined. Without wishing to show how this analysis is faulty, the author insists, on the one hand, on the solubility of ammonia magnesian phosphate in ammoniacal salts, and, on the other, on the precipitation of all the gelatinous silica, which is then estimated as ammonia magnesian phosphate. To be convinced of this it suffices to take a few drops of silicate of soda diluted with water, to add ammonia which gives a precipitate soluble in citric acid, but capable of being precipitated afresh by ammonia. Alumina under the same conditions is not re-precipitated. To give an idea of the error which may be committed Méne quotes the results of an experiment when a fossil phosphate, by the citrate of ammonia process, gave 70 per cent tribasic phosphate of lime, but by Chancel's method-the bismuth process -it yielded only 15 per cent. The author agrees with Joulie in his condemnation of the ammonia process (Bobierre's) but recommends in its stead that of Chancel, which he himself has used for ten years, and which is exempt from all errors in excess. (We think it deplorable if any analytical chemist is ignorant of the means for rendering gelatinous silica in-it soluble in dilute acids, thus avoiding the error in excess pointed out by M. Méne).

Bibasic Sulphate of Lead from Ariége.-Ed. Jannettaz.-The author finds this mineral identical with the bibasic sulphate of Leadhills. He remarks as a strange circumstance that the specimens of Lanarkite examined by Thomson and Brooke should, according to both these authorities, contain a half equivalent of carbonic acid, and should yet agree in their characters with the crystals from Ariége and Leadhills, which contain none.

Extract from Memoir on the Various Causes which Produce Strokes of Lightning.-M. de Fonvielle. -The author seeks to show that two neighbouring conducting objects react powerfully on each other under the influence of a thunder-cloud, and that this reciprocal influence varies according as they are insulated or connected one or other, or both, with the common reservoir; also that a thunder-cloud produces, by the fact of its movement, special reactions-like the plate of a Holtz machine. The induction on the earth's surface he points out must often be strong enough to affect the passage of clouds, giving them a greater velocity before they reach the zenith of the object electrified, or retarding them after they have passed the zenith; and this fact he compares with certain attractions and repulsions between stars, observed by

1

I 15000+181

I

of the 2500000 M. Vicaire ad

Reply to Preceding Note of M. Raynaud on the Max imum Resistances of Magnetic Coils.-M. du Moncel. Relation between Electrical and Capillary Phenomena.-M. Lippmann.-When a drop of mercury in a glass vessel and, covered with sulphuric acid, is put in communication with a point of copper or iron passing through the acid, it suddenly becomes more convex, and an electric current is produced which polarises the surface. The surface contraction is due to a change of capillary constant; this and the electromotive force of polarisation are continual functions of each other. Reciprocally, an extension of surface produced mechanically polarises it as an electric current would. M. Lippmann varies the capillary constant of a surface of mercury in a glass tube, by polarising with a current from a Daniell element, causing a deformation of the meniscus. He constructs a very sensitive capillary electrometer (for measuring electromotive forces), consisting of a thin glass tube of mercury, which he puts under the object-glass of a microscope for observation of the meniscus as affected by the current. Replacing the pile in the above case by an electrometer or galvanometer, and displacing the mercury mechanically, it can be shown that the electromotive force is varied, the quantity of electricity being independent of the form of the surface, and simply proportional to the area. He also constructs an electro-capillary motor. Two masses of mercury in acidulated water serve alternately as negative electrodes to the current of a Daniell element. In each mass are partially immersed a set of glass tubes open at both ends. At each inversion of the current one set rises, the other descends, and this alternate movement is transformed, by levers, &c., into one of rotation.

Magnetic Observations.-M. Diamilla Müller.-The author has established a temporary magnetic observatory on a hill near Florence, and shortly before the recent eclipse he noticed a stoppage for three quarters of an hour, of the oscillations in his magnetometer (which took on an average twenty seconds), and when they resumed they were much smaller and slower. He thinks this may be due to the special position of sun, moon, and earth, and

On the Compound C14H8S2.-C. Paulz.-An account of the preparation, properties, and combinations of this as yet unnamed substance.

not to the eclipse; but invites observation of the oscilla-
tions of the needle at the approach of each new moon. He
also gives results of the second series of simultaneous
magnetic observations made in various parts of the globe
on October 15 last. It appears-(1) That the secular
variation of the declination is inversely proportional to the
distance of the place of observation from the magnetic
equator; (2) that the secular variation of the inclination-Also unsuitable for abstraction.
is proportional to the extent of their magnetic parallels;
(3) that the secular variation of the intensity (total force)
is proportional to the secular variation of the inclination.
Spectroscopic Researches on the Fumeroles of the
Eruption of Vesuvius in April, 1872, and Actual
State of the Volcanos.-Extract from letter of M.
Palmieri's to M. Sainte-Claire Deville.-The writer states
that Vesuvius has become very quiet; and that he has
found thallium in most of the fumerole sublimations (by
spectral analysis) and, in some cases, a product rare in
Vesuvius, viz., boric acid.

On Chlorosulphides of Carbon. B. Rathke.- A lengthy paper, which does not readily admit of abstraction.

Action of Amides upon CSC14 and CSC12.-B. Rathke.

Reimann's Färber Zeitung, No. 21, 1873.

On Petroleum Benzin. - The author describes the petroleum benzin now coming into use as a substitute for benzol. The new fluid is equally useful for dissolving out fatty and resinous matters, but cannot be used in the manufacture of aniline.

Dyes for Wool.-Receipts are given for a sulphur fast puce, a fast drab, sad green with vat-blue bottom, fast violet with vat-blue and grain, madder drab, dark green, madder ponceau topped with grain.

Alpaca.-Silver grey and brown.

Dyes for Cotton.-The editor gives formulæ for a dull yellowish green, a cinnamon-brown, and a light brown. Straw Hats with Aniline Colours.-The editor directs that if an aniline colour does not take on from a lukewarm solution, the straw-ware should be steeped in a hot solution of glue, then wiped with a cloth, and placed in the colour-bath.

Manufacture of Magenta without Arsenic. Meister Lucius, and Co., of Hochst-on-the-Main, are manufacturing magenta by the action of nitro-benzol upon aniline or toluidine. Coupier maintains that he patented as early as 1866 a process essentially the same.

Oil Colours for Printing. The following mixture has been recently patented:-13 parts of varnish (what kind?), 5 of oil of turpentine, 1 of white wax, 1 of rosin or, instead, boiled linseed oil, I of half-boiled linseed oil, 020 of wax (?), 198 crude turpentine. Silk, woollen, and cotton tisues can be printed with this composition, and the colours do not wash off.

Transformation of Nitric Compounds into Sulfon Acids.-B. Rathke.-On the prolonged digestion of nitroformendisulphon potassium, CH(NO2)(ŠO3K)2, in the water-bath the quantity of the salt decreases, and a salt is obtained which does not contain the nitro group. This salt has the composition of formentrisulphon potassium, CH(SO3K)3+H2O.

new

Researches on the Allyl Group; on ß-Bibromopropionic Acid.-G. Münder and B. Tollens.-A long and exhaustive paper not adapted for abstraction.

Transformation of B-Bibrompropionic Acid into Acrylic Acid.—W. Caspary and B. Tollens.-The authors have prepared and examined the acrylates of silver, lime, strontia, and acrylic methyl-, ethyl-, and allyl-ethers. B. Tollens.-A lengthy theoretical paper. Constitution of the Allyl- and Acryl-Derivatives.

On Articles of Diet in General, and on the Value of Liebig's Extract of Meat as a Constituent of Human Food.-Max von Pettenkofer.-An important communication, to which we shall return on a future occasion.

Dry Distillation of Formiate of Lime.-A. Lieben and E. Paterno.-The principal product obtained is methylic alcohol.

On Paralactic Acid, the Optically-Active Lactic Acid of Flesh.-J. Wislicenus.-A valuable and exhaustive paper.

Supplement to Researches on Certain New Derivatives of Sulpho-Carbaminic Acid.-MM. Hlasiwetz and Kachler.-The authors find that their results had been anticipated by Zeise as far back as 1842.

Spontaneous Combustion of Hay.-H. Ranke. The author finds that, in consequence of prolonged fermentation, hay can become transformed into a true coal, which, when exposed to the air at somewhat elevated temperatures, acts as a pyrophorus.

Bulletin de la Societe d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie
Nationale, No. 247, July, 1873.

Note on Rich and Pure Ores of Iron found in France.-M. Gruner.-The author points out various localities in France where brown hæmatite, manganiferous Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, band clxvii., hefts spathic iron, oligistic iron ore, and pure magnetic oxide

2 and 3. (Neue Reihe, band xci., 2 and 3.) On Phenanthren.-M. Hayduck.-Phenanthren crystallises in colourless, shining, occasionally rather large, crystalline scales; melts at 96°; begins to sublime at 100°; and passes over unchanged at higher temperatures. It is readily soluble in hot, and moderately in cold alcohol; and dissolves easily in ether, benzol, bisulphide of carbon, and glacial acetic acid. The solutions display a fine blue fluorescence. It dissolves with a green colour in concentrated sulphuric, and also in nitric acid. Ostermeyer and Graebe have observed that a sulphacid and a nitro compound are formed under these circumstances. A hydride of phenanthren is not formed even on the prolonged action cf sodium amalgam upon the alcoholic solution. Its formula is C14H10, and its composition is as follows:-Carbon, 94'4; hydrogen, 56; total, 1000. The author has examined the picrate-phenanthren dibromide, C14H10Br2; bromphenanthren, C14H9Br ; dibromphenanthren, C14H8Bг2; tribromphenanthren, C14H7Br3; the chinon, C14H8O2; and the dibromchinon, C14H6Br2O2. From this compound the author attempted, though unsuccessfully, to obtain an isomer of alizarin.

are found in quantity.

Granier's Apparatus for Testing the Inflammability of Petroleum Oils destined for Lighting Purposes.Report by V. de Luynes.-A small cylindrical receiver, of metal, is closed by a movable lid, provided with a circular aperture in its centre. This receiver is filled to two-thirds its volume of the oil to be tested, so that there remains between the lid and the surface of the oil a space full of air, with which the inflammable vapours furnished by the oil may mingle. A tube, soldered to the bottom of the receiver, holds a wick, whose upper extremity is in the middle of the aperture in the lid, whilst a thermometer plunged in the oil gives its temperature. To make a test, the oil is poured into the receiver to the height required; the wick is saturated with it, and lighted. The oil of the wick, burning, heats the oil till the temperature is reached, when inflammable vapours are given off. A slight explosion then ensues; the wick is extinguished, and the degree on the thermometer is read off. Petroleum-oils sold for lighting purposes in France are required to be colourless, to weigh 800 grms. per litre, and not to inflame at temperatures below 35°.

July 4, 1873.

PATENTS.

ABRIDGMENTS OF PROVISIONAL AND COMPLETE

SPECIFICATIONS.

An improved clinical thermometer. Henry Joseph François Hubert Foveaux, surgical instrument maker, 62, Strand, Middlesex. November 29, 1872.-No. 3591. This invention consists in making clinical thermometers with one or more flat sides, or placing projections thereon, to keep them from rolling upon any smooth or inclined surface upon which they may be placed, and thereby being broken. The construction preferred is a single flat surface to form the back, the front being semicircular or of any curve, this make combining with the security from rolling, due to the flat surface, the advantage of making the index appear more prominent.

Improvements in magnetic therapeutic plasters. Philip William Seymour, Surrey Lane, Battersea, Surrey. November 29, 1872.-No. 3600. The invention consists in forming a therapeutic plaster of a composition of iron-filings and any suitable adhesive matter spread upon a woven fabric, said iron-filings being afterwards magnetised.

We

A new and improved method of and apparatus for staining or dyeing velvets and all other woven fabrics, and for producing designs and figures thereon. John Carter Ramsden, manufacturer, Smith House, Lightcliffe, Halifax, and James Marsland Tankard, worsted-spinner, Bowling Hall, Bradford. November 30, 1872.-No. 3616. utilise and apply, for the purpose of staining or dyeing pile fabrics or other similar goods, the different gases and vapours which arise from the slow combustion, decomposition, or distillation of the organic products of ligneous origin, or any other combustible from which the different hydrocarbon gases and volatile productions can be evolved. The gases and vapours are caused to pass into a receiver, within which condensation takes place, and a coloured deposit will be found upon the fabric placed therein. For producing patterns stencil plates or some similarly contrived patterns are laid upon the fabric, in which case the whole of the fabric will be coloured except where the patterns are. This method is applicable to other than pile fabrics.

New and improved methods or processes of and apparatus for staining or dyeing fibrous filaments when in the raw or when in a partly pre

N°

orth London School of Chemistry, Pharmacy, &c.-Conducted by Mr. J. C. BRAITHWAITE, for thirteen years Principal Instructor in the Laboratories of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and Demonstrator of Practical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Latin, &c.

The Session 1872-1873 will commence on the 1st of October when

The LABORATORY will be open at 10 a.m. for Instruction in Practical Chemistry as applied to Pharmacy, Medicine, Analysis, &c. Terms moderate.

The CLASSES will meet as usual.

The CHEMICAL and TOXICOLOGICAL CLASS on Monday and Thursday evenings at 8 p.m., commencing October 1st. The LATIN CLASS on Tuesdays and Fridays at 8 p.m., commencing October 2nd.

The MATERIA MEDICA and BOTANICAL CLASS, every Wednesday and Saturday at 8 p.m., commencing October 3rd.

The BOTANICAL GARDEN affords to Students desirous of
acquiring a Practical Knowledge of Botany every facility for doing so.
During the Season BOTANICAL EXCURSIONS are made every
Saturday at 10 a.m.

Fee to either of the above Classes Half-a-Guinea per Month.
Pupils can enter at any period to either Classes or Laboratory.
All Fees must be paid in advance.
PRIVATE TUITION for the usual Examinations of the Society,
the Modified Examination, &c.
Letters of inquiry should be accompanied with a stamped envelope.
Address-54, KENTISH TOWN ROAD, N.W.

pared state. John Carter Ramsden, manufacturer, Smith House, Royal Polytechnic Institution, 309,

The

Lightcliffe, Halifax, and James Marsland Tankard, worsted-spinner,
Bowling Hall, Bradford. December 2, 1872.-No. 3620.
said fibrous filaments are first saturated either wholly or in part by
some chemical solution, say of acetate of lead, dissolved in water, and
are then placed in an air-tight chamber, and are acted upon by the
gases and vapours arising from the slow combustion, decomposition,
or distillation of the organic products of ligneous origin, or any other
combustible from which the different hydrocarbon gases can be evolved
after the manner described by us in a provisional specification filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th day of November, 1872. In some
cases it will be found advisable to dispense altogether with the use of
the said gases and vapours and the same receivers, and use as an equi-
valent bisulphide of carbon.

Regent

Street.-Laboratory (entirely re-fitted) and Class-Rooms are ASSAYS, ANALYSES and Investigations connected with

now open.

PATENTS conducted.

Pupils received for Class and Private Study. Special facilities are
offered to persons preparing for GOVERNMENT EXAMINA-
TIONS.
Classes are now forming for Practical Study in CHEMISTRY
STEAM, and PHYSICS.

For particulars, apply to Professor E. V. GARDNER, F.A.S. M.S.A. at the Institution.

The preparation of an extract from the berries of the mountain ash South London School of Chemistry

(pyrus) (German, Eberesche). Christian von Hennings, Hamburg. December 2, 1872.-No. 3628. The object of this invention is to prepare an extract from the berries of the mountain ash, suitable more especially for being used in cases of colds and influenzas.

Improvements in the mode of and apparatus for preparing lime for the treatment of sewage. Major-General Henry Young Darracott Scott, C.B., and Thomas Walker Scott, Ealing, Middlesex. December 4, 1872.-No. 3670. The main object of our invention is to economise labour when treating sewage with lime for the purpose of defecation and utilisation. Tanks or vessels are used with stirring apparatus with horizontal or inclined arms, from which are suspended metal baskets or perforated boxes containing the lump lime.

Pharmacy. Director-Dr. JOHN MUTER, F.C.S.
Hours of Lecture for Session 1872-73-
Chemistry (Inorganic) 10 a.m. Materia Medica
(Organic) 2 p.m. Pharmacy
Botany (Structural)..
Classics (Junior)
(Senior)

II a.m.
3 p.m.

"

and

4 p.m. 2 p.m. 9 a.m.

..

4 p.m.

(Systematic).. Laboratory open for Practical Chemistry from ro till 4. This School affords the most eligible opportunities for obtaining at once a rapid, complete, and practical knowledge of the subjects taught. All the fees are perpetual until the examination in view is passed without reference to time. Country Students visiting London are placed in Lodgings registered by the Secretary, where no impositions are permitted to be practised, and where the prices are all on a fixed moderate scale. For terms, apply to the Director, or to W. BAXTER, Secretary.

231 and 285, Kennington Road, S.E.

A new apparatus for distilling, concentrating, and evaporating. Farnham Maxwell Lyte, chemist, of the firm of Storck and Co., Asnières, France. (A communication from Henri Storck, Edouard Hentsch, Auguste Hentsch, André Lutscher, and Fréderic Grininger, constituting the firm of Storck and Co., and Armand Decottegnie, manufacturer, Asnières, France). December 5, 1872.-No. 3685. The features of novelty of this invention consist essentially in distilling, evaporating, which consists in a mode of heating (under increased or diminished pressure, or in vacuo) certain cylindrical, conical, or rounded surfaces, and bringing the liquid to be treated into contact with those surfaces in thin streams or films, so that the liquids in passing over a large extent of heating surface may be rapidly distilled, evaporated, or concentrated. The heating surface is divided exteriorly into compartments, which retain the liquid in contact therewith until evaporation is completed.

and concentrating liquids in improved apparatus, the principle of THE LIVERPOOL

Laboratories open throughout the Year.

MARTIN MURPHY, F.C.S., &c., Principal (Successor to the late
Dr. SHERIDAN MUSPRATT).

A Special Laboratory is devoted to Commercial Analyses of every
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BERNERS COLLEGE of CHEMISTRY.- description, and to Mineral Assays.

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Especial facilities for persons preparing for Government and other examinations.

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Terms and Fees VERY MODERATE.

Further Particulars and Full Prospectus on application to
The Principal, MARTIN MURPHY, F.C.S. &c.

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