ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

wrote,

written.

The verbs which are conjugated regularly, as well as irregularly, are marked with an R. ciples which are first mentioned in the list, seem to be the Those preterites and partimost eligible.

DEFECTIVE VERBS.

Defective Verbs are those which are used only in some of their moods and tenses; as, am, was, been, can, could; may, might; shall, should will, would, &c.

ADVERB.

An Adverb is a part of speech joined to a verb, an adjective, and sometimes to another adverb, to express some quality or circumstance respect

ending in ly, are compared by more and most; as, "Wisely, more wisely, most wisely."

Prepositions serve to connect words with one another, and to show the relation between them, They are, for the most part, set before nouns and pronouns; as," He went from London to York;" "She is above disguise;" "They are supported by industry."

The following is a list of the principal prepo

sitions:

A Conjunction is a part of speech that is chiefly used to connect sentences; so as, out of two or more sentences, to make but one. It sometimes connects only words.

Conjunctions are principally divided into two sorts, the COPULATIVE and DISJUNCTIVE. The Conjunction Connlaties

his brother reside in London ;" "I will go, if he will accompany me;" "You are happy, because you are good."

The Conjunction Disjunctive serves, not only to connect and continue the sentence, but also to express opposition of meaning in different degrees; as, "Though he was frequently reproved, yet, he did not reform;" "They came with her, but went away without her."

The following is a list of the principal conjunctions:

The Copulative. And, that, both, for, therefore, if, then, since, because, wherefore.

The Disjunctive. But, than, though, either, or, as, unless, neither, nor, lest, yet, notwithstanding.

INTERJECTIONS.

Interjections are words thrown in between the parts of a sentence, to express the passions or emotions of the speaker; as, "Ob! I have alienated my friend; Alas! I fear, for life;" "O virtue! how amiable thou art !"

The following are some of the Interjections: O! pish! heigh! lo! behold! ah! tush! fie! bush! hail!

OF DERIVATION.

Words are derived from one another in various ways, viz.

1. Substantives are derived from verbs; as,

"to warm;" from "forward" comes "to forward."

3. Adjectives are derived from substantives; as, from "health" comes 66 healthy." 4. Substantives are derived from adjectives; as, from "white" comes" whiteness."

5. Adverbs are derived from adjectives; as, from "base" comes basely."

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SYNTAX.

THE third part of Granimar is SYNTAX, which treats of the agreement and construction of words in a sentence.

A sentence is an assemblage of words, forming a complete sense.

Sentences are of two kinds, SIMPLE and COM

POUND.

A simple sentence has in it but one subject, and one finite verb ; as, "Life is short."

A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences connected together; as, “Life is short, and art is long ;"" Idleness produces want, vice, and misery.

A phrase is two or more words rightly put together, making sometimes part of a sentence, and sometimes a whole sentence.

The principal parts of a simple sentence are,

the cubi

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

denied of it; and the object is the thing affected by such action.

The nominative denotes the subject, and usually goes before the verb or attribute; and the word or phrase, denoting the object, follows the verb; as, "A wise man governs his passions." Here, a wise man is the subject; governs the attribute, or thing affirmed; and his passions, the object.

Syntax principally consists of two parts, Concord and Government.

Concord is the agreement which one word has with another, in gender, number, case, or person.

Government is that power which one part of speech has over another, in directing its mood, tense, or case.

RULE I.

A verb must agree with its nominative case, in number and person; as, "I learn;" "Thou art improved;" "The birds sing."

RULE II.

Two or more nouns, &c. in the singular number, joined together by a copulative conjunction. expressed or understood, have verbs, nouns, and pronouns agreeing with them in the plural num

ber: as, "

Socrates and Plato were wise; they