calling, as a public crier or collector, his good education would be invaluable; yet must it not be purchased by the sacrifice of sound morals. He attended him to the different schools; watched with severe but affectionate control over his character; so that the boy escaped not merely the taint but even the reproach of immorality. The poet always speaks of his father with grateful reverence, and with honest pride.

His first turn for satire was encouraged by his father's severe animadversions on the follies and vices of his compatriots, which he held up as warning examples to his son. () To one of his schoolmasters the poet has given imperishable fame. Orbilius, whose flogging propensities have grown into a proverb, had been an apparitor, and afterwards served in the army; an excellent training for a disciplinarian, if not for a teacher: but Orbilius got more reputation than profit from his occupation. (") The two principal, if not the only, authors read in the school of Orbilius, were Homer in Greek, in Latin Livius Andronicus. (10)

(7)" Ipse mihi custos incorruptissimus omnes

Circum doctores aderat. Quid multa? pudicum,
(Qui primus virtutis honos) servavit ab omni
Non solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi.”
Sat. 1. vi. 81-84.

(8) Sat. 1. iv. 105 et seqq.

(9) "Docuit majore fama quam emolumento."-Sueton. de Grammat.

(10) Bentley doubted whether any patrician schoolmaster, at that time, would use the works of a poet so antiquated as Livius Andronicus. He proposed to read Lævius, the name of an obscure writer of love verses ('Epwтoralyvia), to whom he ascribes many of the fragments usually assigned to Livius, and which bear no marks of obsolete antiquity. But with due respect to